Base64 encoder / decoder

Encode any text to Base64 or decode Base64 back to plain text. Converts in real time.

How Base64 encoding works

Base64 is a binary-to-text encoding scheme that represents binary data using only 64 ASCII-safe characters (A–Z, a–z, 0–9, +, /). It was designed to safely transmit binary data over channels that only support text — like email (MIME), URLs, and HTTP headers. Every 3 bytes of binary data become 4 Base64 characters, which is why Base64-encoded data is approximately 33% larger than the original.

This tool uses the browser's native btoa() (binary-to-ASCII) for encoding and atob() (ASCII-to-binary) for decoding, with UTF-8 support added via TextEncoder for non-ASCII characters. URL-safe Base64 replaces + with - and / with _ to avoid conflicts with URL syntax — useful for JWTs and query parameters. Base64 is not encryption: it is trivially reversible and provides no security. Any Base64 string can be decoded instantly. Do not use it to hide sensitive data.

Frequently asked questions

What is Base64 encoding?

Base64 is a method of encoding binary data as ASCII text using 64 printable characters. It is used to safely transmit binary data (like images or files) over text-based systems such as email, URLs, and HTTP headers.

Is Base64 the same as encryption?

No. Base64 is encoding, not encryption. It is fully reversible by anyone without a key. It does not protect data from being read — it only converts binary data into a text-safe format. Never use Base64 to hide or secure sensitive information.

Why does Base64-encoded data end with '=='?

Base64 works in groups of 3 bytes (24 bits = 4 Base64 characters). If the input length isn't divisible by 3, padding characters (=) are added to make the output a multiple of 4. One '=' means 1 byte of padding; '==' means 2 bytes of padding.

What is URL-safe Base64?

URL-safe Base64 replaces '+' with '-' and '/' with '_' to avoid conflicts with URL syntax, where these characters have special meaning. It is used in JWTs, OAuth tokens, and any Base64 data embedded in URLs or HTTP headers.

Related tools

URL encoder → JWT decoder → JSON formatter →